Demographic Segmentation Free Essays

string(136) " are very popular among marketers as they are often associated with consumer needs and wants; another is that they are easy to measure\." Study of a demographic segment and its sub segment falling in the age group 18 year to 25 years Saneel Gaonkar IBS Gurgaon Study of a demographic segment and its sub segment falling in the age group 18 year to 25 years Introduction Different kinds of people display different buying patterns even in a segment of age group 18 years to 25 years. This truth is well understood by those people who are responsible for market research, product development, pricing, sales and strategy. Market segmentation is the identification of portions of market that are different from one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Demographic Segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every individual falls under one or other demographic segment of the society ‘Mr. Philip Kotler has defined a market segment as a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants (Philip Kotler, 2009). ’ A market segment is a sub-set of a market made up of people or organizations with one or more characteristics that cause them to demand similar product and/or services based on qualities of those products such as price or function. The criteria that a true market segment should meet are as follows: distinct from other segments, homogenous within the segment, it responds similarly to market stimulus and it can be reached through market intervention. Researchers try to define segments by looking at descriptive characteristics: geographic, demographic and psychographic. Then they examine whether these customer segments exhibit different needs or product responses. Few other researchers have tried to define segments looking at behavioral consideration such as consumer responses to benefits, use occasions or brands. Researchers than see whether different characteristics are associated with each consumer response segment. (Philip Kotler, 2009). The key here is to identify customer differences. The major segmentation variables are Geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. Living in metropolitan city like Mumbai exposes you to a wide competitive market in all sectors. Segmenting Consumers in Mumbai by using these segmenting techniques gives a thorough idea of the consumers in Mumbai Geographic Geographic segment calls for division of the market into different geographical units such as nation, states, region, countries, cities or neighborhoods. In India geographic segmentation assumes importance due to variation in consumer preferences and purchase habits across different regions, and across different states. In India rural and urban markets differ on number of different essential parameters like literacy levels, income, spending power. There is a vast difference in infrastructure such as electricity, telephone network and roads. The need to segment the market geographically becomes clearer when we look at some of the characteristics of the market. In India there are 5000 towns and over 6, 38,000 villages (Pradeep Kashyap, 2003-04) (Philip Kotler, 2009) Region Mumbai falls in Western region of India. There are few significances of this region that needs attention, Maharashtra the state with Mumbai as its capital derives its culture from Indo – Aryan Vedic culture influenced by the Maratha Empire and the British Empire. City of Mumbai According to 2011 census, the population of Mumbai was 12,478,447 (The Registrar General Census Commissioner, 2011). (censusindia. gov. in) According to extrapolations carried out by the World Gazetteer in 2010, Mumbai has a population of 13,830,884 and the Mumbai Metropolitan Area has a population of 21,347,412. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482persons per square kilometer. The sex ratio was 838 (females per 1,000 males) in the island city, 857 in the suburbs, and 848 as a whole in Greater Mumbai, all numbers lower than the national average of 914 females per 1,000 males. PopulationIndia. com, 2011) The low sex ratio is partly because of the large number of male migrants who come to the city to work (â€Å"Parsis top literacy, sex-ratio charts in city†, 2004) As Per 2011 census, Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the BMC, has a literacy rate of 94. 7 %, higher than the national average of 86. 7%. (The Registrar General Census Commissio ner, 2011)Sixteen major languages of India are also spoken in Mumbai, most common being Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati and English. The religions followed in Mumbai include Hindus (67. 39) , Muslims (18. 56%), Buddhists (5. 22%), Jain (3. 99%), Christians (4. 2%), Sikhs (0. 58%), Parsis and Jews making the rest of the population. (Mehta, 2004) Mumbai is also home to the largest population of Parsi Zoroastrians in the world, with about 80,000 Parsis in Mumbai. (â€Å"The world’s successful diasporas†) Looking at the data it is clear fact that Mumbai is a large market with intelligent customer. Amount of exposure to brands and products a person goes through in Mumbai is vast. Culture This Research also includes finding new potential markets in the age group of 18 to 25 years, for this purpose knowing the culture of Mumbai is also essential. The culture of any place is always determined from its people, cuisine, religion, language and festivals. Mumbai has a mixture of people from various communities and subsequently they follow different religions. The metropolitan observes modern trends; here people enjoy participating in all festivals irrespective of caste, creed and color. Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema. The influence of the Bollywood in the cities culture is observed. The cultural heritage of Mumbai presents a combination of old and new. The ‘bindaas’ or carefree approach of the Mumbaikars comes alive in their dialect of Mumbaiya Hindi too. (Principal Cities) Economy Mumbai is the financial and commercial capital of India. It generates 6. 16% of the total GDP. It is the economic hub of India, contributing 10% to factory employment 25% of industrial output, 33% of income tax collection, 60% of custom duty collection, 20% central excise duty collection ,40% of India’s foreign trade , Rs 4000 crore in corporate taxes. â€Å"The world’s successful diasporas†) In April 2008, Mumbai was ranked seventh in the list of â€Å"Top Ten Cities for Billionaires† by Forbes magazine, (Forbes Magzine) Demographic In demographic segmentation, the market is divided into groups on the basis of variables such as age, family size, family lifecycle, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, nationality, a nd social class. Demographic variables are very popular among marketers as they are often associated with consumer needs and wants; another is that they are easy to measure. You read "Demographic Segmentation" in category "Papers" (Philip Kotler, 2009) Age and Lifecycle Age and Lifecycle are important variables to define segments as the needs and wants of the consumer change with age. Johnson Johnson’s baby oil which is popular in India is a classic example of product of infants. (Philip Kotler, 2009) This research is focused on the market segment which falls in the age group of 18 years – 25 years. Consumers falling into this age group may have the falling into this group may be college going students, working, pursuing higher education, married and working, having their own business . Their wants and needs differ from each other. College going students will have their own wants and needs, what a college student would need is education, books, clothes, food his wants are a cricket bat, mobile, bike etc, he may desire to get education in a higher graded college, a car, Touch screen mobile etc. Working consumers have different needs compared to students. Working consumers may need a mobile, laptop, bike, blazers; he automatically becomes a prospective customer to housing development companies, car companies, furniture companies, aviation companies, Food chains, financial service companies, holiday tours and travel package companies etc. Consumer who I married and working may need jewelry for his wife, furniture for his house and other consumer durable and non durable products, prospective customers for car manufacturers, Insurance companies etc. Consumers having their own business may need, a working space, desks, electricity, ac’s, he may become prospective customer for insurance companies, luxury car companies, High end products etc. So Consumer pursuing higher education falls between these four sub-segments, His needs are all a mixture of all three, he will be getting married so all the needs and wants of a married working is a part of this consumer group. So by this we can infer that this wants and needs of this group is a mixture of all the other sub- segments. Slicing this segment further by Gender we find Men and women are different in their behavior, Research shows that women are likely to pick up the product without prompting while men often like to read product information before buying. (Philip Kotler, 2009) Income Income segmentation is a long standing practice in variety of products and services. Income determines the ability of consumers to participate in the market exchange and hence this is a basic segmentation variable (Philip Kotler, 2009) Slicing the segment on the base of income we may see college going student, Students pursuing higher education are dependent on their family’s income , while other sub- segment are earning consumers who control their consumption pattern through their own pocket. Psychographic Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation is the process of using psychology and demographics to better understand consumers. In psychographic segmentation, buyers are divided into different group based on psychological / personality traits, lifestyle or values. People within the same demographic group can exhibit very different psychographic profile. (Philip Kotler, 2009) VALS (â€Å"Values, Attitudes and Lifestyles†) (Philip Kotler, 2009)is a research methodology used for psychographic market segmentation. VALS was developed in 1978 by Arnold Mitchell and his subordinated at SRI International VALS Framework and Segment Innovator: These Consumers have the highest incomes, and such high self-esteem and abundant resources that they can indulge in any or all self-orientations and are on the leading edge of change, Image is important to them as an expression of taste, independence, and character. Their consumer choices are directed toward the â€Å"finer things in life. † ? Thinkers: These consumers are the high-resource group of those who are motivated by ideals. Their characteristics are mature , responsible, well-educated professionals. They have high incomes but are practical consumers and rational decision makers. Believers: These consumers are the low-resource group of those who are motivated by ideals. They are predictable and conservative consumers who favor established brands. They have modest incomes. ?Achievers. These consumers are the high-resource group, motivated by achievement. Work-oriented people who get their satisfaction from their jobs and families fall under this category. They are politically conservative and respect authority and the status quo. They favor established products and services that show off their success to their peers. ?Strivers. These consumers are the low-resource group who are motivated by achievements. They have values very similar to achievers but have fewer economic, social, and psychological resources. Style is extremely important to them as they strive to emulate people they admire. ?Experiencers: These consumers are the high-resource group of those who are motivated by self-expression. They are the youngest and energetic of all the segments, . They have a lot of energy, which they pour into physical exercise and social activities. They are avid consumers, spending heavily on clothing, fast-foods, music, and other youthful favorites, with particular emphasis on new products and services. Makers: These consumers with low-resource group of those who are motivated by self-expression. They are practical people with value self-sufficiency. They are focused on the familiar-family, work, and physical recreation-and have little interest in the broader world. As consumers, they appreciate practical and functional products. ?Survivors. These consumers are with lowest incomes. They have t oo few resources to be included in any consumer self-orientation and are thus located below the rectangle. Oldest of all the segments, with a median age of 61. They tend to be brand-loyal consumers. The age group taken into consideration here is 18 to 25 year. Some of them may fall into Experiencers segment who are young and energetic and who are motivated by self expression. Some of them are thinkers, i. e. Smart buyers. Behavioral Segmentation Behavioral segmentation divides a population based on their behavior, the way the population respond to, use or know of a product. Consumer behavior is a subject studied in depth over time in marketing management. This is mainly because there are several factors which a consumer takes into consideration before taking a decision. Thus consumer decision making is affected by his behavior and that is exactly how the behavioral segments are targeted. (Philip Kotler, 2009) Forms of Behavioral segmentation Buying on occasions: Buying on occasions is the first form of behavioral segmentation. Products such as chocolates and premium foods will sell on festivals. Similarly, confectioneries will sell when there is a party. Thus these products are generally targeted by behavioral segmentation. Benefits sought – Several products are targeted towards the benefits sought by the customer. Recently, there has been a war between Colgate and sensodyne to target the people who have sensitive teeth. Similarly, there are other toothpastes which are targeted towards whitening of teeth. Hair shampoos are targeted towards split ends, anti dandruff or others. Loyalty – There are two ways to grow a business. First is to acquire new customers and second is to retain your existing customers. The more loyal your customer is to you, the more your customer base will increase. That’s one more kind of behavior which marketers target. The strategy for brand loyal customers is very different from that used for acquiring new customers. Usage rate – In residential or commercial segment, the usage can be demonstrated in the form of heavy usage, moderate usage or lesser usage. Taking the example of beauty parlors or personal care. There are some customers who use a lot of personal care products whereas others do not use personal care products much. Thus depending on their usage the customers can be targeted. Among the age group that we are focused on one may find all such behavioral buying patterns. A person can be loyal to one brand for one product , but for other product he may switch brand as he is getting discounts. Research Methodology Data Gathering and Analysis To have a clear perception of the term research one should know the meaning of scientific methods. The two main terms, research and scientific method, are closely related. Research as we have already stated can be termed as â€Å" an inquiry into the nature of, reason for and the consequences of any particular set of the circumstances, whether these circumstances are experimentally controlled or recorded just as they occur. Here the researcher is interested more than particular results; he is interested in the repeatability of the results and in their extension to more complicated and general situation. Research in common refers to a search for knowledge. Research can also be defined as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. It is usually an art of scientific investigation. The purpose of research is to discover answer to question through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as science of studying how research is done systematically. It has many dimensions and research methods do constitute a part of Research Methodology. The scope of Research methodology is wider than that of research method. 1. Why a research study has been undertaken? 2. How the research problem has been defined? 3. In what way and why the hypothesis has been formed? Are usually answered when we talk of research methodology concerning a research problem or study. Whatever may be the types of research works and studies, one thing i. e. important is that they all meet on the common ground of scientific method employed by them. The research methodology can be defined as a way systematically solves the research problem along with the logic behind them. Researchers not only need to how to develop certain indices, how to calculate mean, mode, median and how to apply particular research technique and what would they mean and indicate and why? All this means that it is necessary for the researchers to design his methodology for his problem. The scope of Research methodology is wider than that of research methods. Thus research methodology deals itself not only with research method but also in considering the logic behind the methods used in the research study. Research Design: The research design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted. It is a plan of action, a plan of collecting and analyzing data in economic, efficient and relevant be manner. It contains the blue print for the collection, measurement analysis of data. The proposed study is an exploratory cum descriptive. The purpose of preparing research design could be either to test a hypothesis or to give a cause effect relationship to the given situation. The design provides answers for questions such as: â€Å"What techniques will be used to gather data? † â€Å"What kind of sampling will use? † As in this case research is to be a quantitative research. We are dealing with 12,478,447 population of Mumbai and slicing it to different segments. The data that has to be collected should be from an authentic source as the research is based on authentic facts of the region. Quantitative research Systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships. Asking a narrow question and collecting numerical data to analyze utilizing statistical methods. The quantitative research designs are experimental, correlation, and survey (or descriptive). ] Statistics derived from quantitative research can be used to establish the existence of associative or causal relationships between variables. SOURCES OF DATA: The data that has to be collected has to be authentic, so it should be collected from authentic source like government websites, this type of research require authentic quantitative data. Data collection from primary sources is not a option here. So data has to be collected from secondary sources. Secondary Data: Information regarding the project, secondary data was also required. These data were collected from various past studies and other sources like magazines, newspapers, and websites which qualified as reliable. Limitations of the study †¢Limited Access to Secondary data †¢Lack of time Conclusion Mumbai is a large consumer base, the youth population following in the age group of 18 to 25 years itself is diverse in their own ways, each of them have different wants , needs and desires. All of their wants and needs are not always satisfied. Markets are oversaturated with products at claim to fulfill their needs; some fulfill the needs some partially. Buying decision of the consumer in this age depends upon what he thinks about the product and the brand and the amount of exposure he has gone through for that brand. As we are saying the needs of the consumers may be partially filled, so automatically there is a consumer base who wants something that will fulfill their needs in totality, this brings about a market opportunity for the companies which can be targeted by them, i. . slicing into that segment of Mumbai consumers. Many of the consumers are unaware of their needs as well, Example, Including the use of day today technology in household activities etc, there are many untapped markets in Mumbai that has to be exploited by the companies, Consumers of this age group are attracted to new technology and feature, they want to stay ahead of their generation, these wan ts and desires should be tapped upon by the companies. Bibliography â€Å"Parsis top literacy, sex-ratio charts in city†. (2004, september 8). Times OF India . The world’s successful diasporas†. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Managementtoday. co. uk. censusindia. gov. in. (n. d. ). â€Å"Ranking of districts of Maharashtra by population size 2011†. Retrieved from censusindia. gov. in. Forbes Magzine. (n. d. ). Mehta, S. (2004). Maximum City Bombay Lost and found. Philip Kotler. (2009). Marketing Manager- A South Asian Perspective. Dorling Kindersley. PopulationIndia. com, â€Å". . (2011, June 1). Populationindia. wordpress. com. Pradeep Kashyap. (2003-04). â€Å"Selling to the Hinterland†. Business World , 88-91. Principal Cities. Government of Maharashtra. How to cite Demographic Segmentation, Papers

Oedipus The Tragic Hero Essay Example For Students

Oedipus The Tragic Hero Essay In the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus is a classic tragic hero. According to Aristotles definition, Oedipus is a tragic hero because he is a king whose life falls apart when he finds out his life story. There are a number of characteristics described by Aristotle that identify a tragic hero. For example, a tragic hero must cause his own downfall; his fate is not deserved, and his punishment exceeds the crime; he also must be of noble stature and have greatness. Oedipus is in love with his idealized self, but neither the grandiose nor the depressive Narcissus can really love himself (Miller 67). All of the above characteristics make Oedipus a tragic hero according to Aristotles ideas about tragedy, and a narcissist. Using Oedipus as an ideal model, Aristotle says that a tragic hero must be an important or influential man who makes an error in judgment, and who must then suffer the consequences of his actions. Those actions are seen when Oedipus forces Teiresias to reveal his destiny and his fathers name. When Teiresias tries to warn him by saying I say that you and your most dearly loved are wrapped together in a hideous sin, blind to the horror of it (Sophocles 428). Oedipus still does not care and proceeds with his questioning as if he did not understand what Teiresias was talking about. The tragic hero must learn a lesson from his errors in judgment and become an example to the audience of what happens when great men fall from their lofty social or political positions. According to Miller, a person who is great, who is admired everywhere, and needs this admiration to survive, has one of the extreme forms of narcissism, which is grandiosity. Grandiosity can be seen when a person admires himself, his qualities, such as beauty, cleverness, and talents, and his success and achievements greatly. If one of these happens to fail, then the catastrophe of a severe depression is near (Miller 34). Those actions happen when the Herdsman tells Oedipus who his mother is, and Oedipus replies Oh, oh, then everything has come out true. Light, I shall not look on you Again. I have been born where I should not be born, I have been married where I should not marry, I have killed whom I should not kill; now all is clear (Sophocles 1144). Oedipuss decision to pursue his questioning is wrong; his grandiosity blinded him and, therefore, his fate is not deserved, but it is far beyond his control. A prophecy is foretold to Laius, the father of Oedipus, that the destiny of Oedipus is a terrible one beyond his control. But when it is prophesized to Oedipus, he sets forth from the city of his foster parents in order to prevent this terrible fate from occurring. Oedipuss destiny is not deserved because he is being punished for his parents actions. His birth parents seek the advice of the Delphi Oracle, who recommends that they should not have any children. When the boy is born, Laius is overcome with terror when he remembers the oracle. Oedipus is abandoned by his birth parents and is denied their love, which is what results in what Miller calls Depression as Denial of the Self. Depression results from a denial of ones own emotional reactions, and we cannot really love if we deny our truth, the truth about our parents and caregivers as, well as about ourselves (Miller 43). The birth of Oedipus presets his destiny to result in tragedy even though he is of noble birth. In tragedies, protagonists are usually of the nobility that makes their falls seem greater. .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .postImageUrl , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:hover , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:visited , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:active { border:0!important; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:active , .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05e7d7711f6c35adc8e6ed654f926f6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Testimony - The End of the Road Essay Oedipus just happens to be born a prince, and he has saved a kingdom that is rightfully his from the Sphinx. His destiny is to be of noble stature from birth, which is denied to him by his parents, but given back by the Sphinx. His nobility deceived him as well as his reflection, since it shows only his perfect, wonderful face and not his inner world, his pain, his history (Miller 66). When he relies on his status, he is blind, not physically, but emotionally. He is

Essays In Cold Blood as Literary Journalism Cold Essay Example For Students

Essays: In Cold Blood as Literary Journalism Cold Essay Blood Essays In Cold Blood as Literary Journalism Literary journalism is criticized as being the bad child of the modern age of media and hype(Yagoda, In). But, looking back through the ages, there are many examples of what is now called literary journalism, or blurring the line between fact and fiction. What has changed . . . is not the practice of literary journalism but expectations about truth (In). In Postmodern American Fiction, the editors make the point that Truman Capotes In Cold Blood (1965) illustrates how the postmodern inclination to blur the boundary between standard journalism and fiction could itself create a new layer of narrative tension within the bounds of the tradition novel(125). According to Yagoda, though, this isnt a new trend. Yagoda cites Daniel Defoes 1722 novel, A Journal of the Plague Year. It was supposedly the account of a resident of London during The Great Plague, 1664-1665. In 1664 Defoe was four-years-old. He used history to create the fictional journal, making the story a little more personal (In). Yagoda also uses Thucydides as an example. In Book I of his history of the Peloponnesian Wars, the author writes, As to the speeches which were made either before or during the war, it was hard for me, and for others who reported them to me, to recollect the exact words. I have therefore put into the mouth of each speaker the sentiments proper to the occasion, expressed as I thought he would be likely to express them (In). These two examples, and there are many more that could be added to this list, show that literary journalism isnt new, nor is it the product of media hype. The thing that is new is the how truthful the author is about his fabrications. One of the first things a journalism student learns is to attribute anything that is not known fact. With the publishing of In Cold Blood, Capote was lauded for his, . . . meticulous accuracy and total recall, which obviated the need for not taking notes (In). Capote used his journalistic skills, and, because he didnt attribute anything to anyone, the story became fiction. It was the beginning of many such books by journalists. The list includes Sleepers by Lorenzo Carcaterra, The Last Brother by Joe McGinniss, and Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil by John Berendt (which is considered non-fiction although the author has said he made up some conversations and messed with the chronology). Many of the books have been made into hit movies. Thus, the line has been blurred. By taking the truth, changing it just slightly, and calling it fiction based on facts, the reader reads what he believes to be true. But most readers are smart enough to realize when the author is fabricating and when he is telling the truth. Most readers see the fiction based on fact and realize the author has taken the facts and made up a story. As Joseph Mitchell said in the authors note to Old Mr. Flood, I wanted these stories to be truthful rather than factual. This will never be every writers aspiration, nor should it be; facts have a beauty, precision and power all their own (In). Works Cited Geyh, Paula, Fred G. Leebron, and Andrew Levy. Postmodern American Fiction. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 1998. Yagoda, Ben. In Cold Facts, Some Books Falter. New York Times 15 March 1998, late ed. Lexis-Nexis. .

Essay Examples on Depression Essay Example

Essay Examples on Depression Paper 1st Essay Sample on Depression Depression is awful disease that affects almost twelve million Americans. Depression can be a crippling disease. It can cause withdrawal, anger, confusion, other diseases, or even death. Suicide caused by depression is the third biggest killer among teenagers. Every forty five minutes a teenager takes his or her life. These are all staggering statistics about a disease that some researchers say may be predisposed. Picture a person(Wendy). Now all of her life Wendy has been â€Å"shy†. Then her grandmother dies. After the death of her grandmother Wendy starts withdrawing from everyday life, and considers taking her life. These are common symptoms of depression. Being depressed can happen to anyone. Most people have mild depression after the death of a loved one, or a very traumatic depression. Every one in five people will have a case of depression in their lifetime. Depression isn’t just a brief blue mood or a passing sadness that lifts in a few hours or even a few day s. 2nd Essay Sample on Depression In the 1930s, the world suffered an economic collapse now known as the Great Depression. It was like a disease that afflicted the entire capitalist world. But it struck Canada more severely than every other capitalist country except the United States. It began in 1929, when the other countries stopped buying Canadian goods. This forced many Canadian industries out of business. Thousands of Canadians lost their jobs. Some lost their homes as well. Nearly every Canadian felt the effects of the Depression. However, the hardest hit were single men and Prairie farmers. During the Great Depression, single men suffered the greatest hardship for two reasons. First, they were not able to find jobs. Single women often found jobs cleaning homes for the wealthy, or working for very low wages in a factory. Such work was rarely available for men. People who were lucky enough to find jobs often earned extremely low wages. Second, single men were not able to receive government relief payments or fo od vouchers. Married unemployed men received these benefits because they had wives and children to support. Single men did not qualify for government relief because they did not have the same responsibilities. The 1930s were even worse for young men just entering the work force. Most of them could not find steady work because there was always someone more experienced applying for the same job. With no money, but plenty of spare time, single men of all ages wandered across the country looking for work. Many could not afford to ride on passenger trains. They often stole rides in, or on, freight trains. â€Å"Riding the rails† was illegal, but there were too few police officers to catch the many riders.The unemployed held PM Bennet totally responsible for not solving the situation before the depression really hit.The Depression years were also difficult times for farmers on the Prairies. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Roaring 1920s

The Roaring 1920s Introduction The roaring 1920’s describes a period in the American history after World War I distinguished by significant socio-cultural changes, organized crimes and the great economic depression. Fashion entered the modern era with the trendy flipper fashion making a significant impression.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Roaring 1920s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The film and music industry underwent a transformation with the introduction of sound featured films. The dance clubs gained popularity during this epoch often christened ‘the Jazz age.’ The 1920s period was marked with breaking away from traditions caused by the introduction of new fashion and dance. At the same time, the 1920s era was marked by rise in the level of organized crime including the Mob who had much influence in the American society and government coupled with speculative investment that led to decline in stock prices causing a major economic depression. The Icons of the Roaring Twenties The 1920s epoch was characterized by a flourishing nightlife in cities such as Chicago with many nightlife establishments hosting popular dance bands, dancing contests and life radiobroadcasts for the audience (Kyvig 2001, 234). However, social evils such as prostitution and gambling flourished at the same time leading to prohibitive drinking laws in major cities. Dancing boomed in the 1920s with many social and ethnic groups attending nightly recreational dance halls popularly known as cabarets. The cabarets were influential to the majority of fashionable middle class. The nightclubs combined fashionable jazz music, public dance halls that hosted dancing competitions, and beer gardens for drinking. The nightlife flourished despite prohibition from the council authorities regulating drinking. Prostitution and gambling arose with the active nightlife The entertainment industry including the film indu stry flourished in the 1920’s with a rise of music stars and motion picture production (O’Neal 2005, 58). The film industry’s relocation to Los Angeles facilitated the rise of Hollywood movie stars who lived luxurious lifestyles and had a lot of fanatical support.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This marked the Golden era of Hollywood. Silent films were predominant in the early twenties but all this changed in 1927 with the introduction of the jazz singer, Al Jolsen. Before then, stars of silent films like Greta Garbo and Charlie Chaplin were the only brilliant entertainers of the early 1920s. Buster Keaton is another comedian star of the silent films before the invention of the talkies that transformed the film industry. The genres of the films included war, romance, biblical stories performed by Cecil Demille and silent comedies. The fashion of the 1920s was marked by the introduction of the flipper fashions, new hairstyles that were a breakaway from the traditional past and the jazz music. The flapper fashion and hairstyles faced resistance from older generation up to 1925 when the new fashion was embraced contributing to significant transformation of the 1920s. The flapper dresses were short, unlike the traditional long Victoria-like dresses. The flappers also wore stockings and makeup unlike the traditional mode of dressing. The Mob in the United States The 1920s saw the rise of organized criminal gangs in the American Society. ‘The American Mafia’, also called the ‘Mob’ arose with the aim of offering protection to the immigrant community without the involvement of the police or local authorities (Dickie 2004, 125). The 1920s National prohibition to regulate drinking gave rise to organized gangs with national and international connections. Enforcement of the prohibition legislation faced opposi tion from notorious gangs such as the Al Capone’s mob of Chicago. The efforts to stop drug smuggling were deterred by organized smugglers with support from corrupt government officials and other international gangs. Stock Market Crash of 1929 The roaring 1920s decade was a period of wealth and economic prosperity especially in the manufacturing industry; for instance, â€Å"the automobile output increased exponentially between 1925 and 1929 period† (Henretta and Brody 2010, 67). Business earnings also increased sharply during this period and the middle-class became wealthier investing in residential homes especially in Florida. However, towards the end of this decade, â€Å"a slump in share prices in New York Stock Exchange led to a major financial crisis that halted the flourishing economy† (Lange 2007, 81).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Roaring 1920s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This crash is the infamous 1929 ‘Great Depression’ which led to business uncertainty affecting job security of American workers. Because of decline in stock prices, many investors faced financial difficulties that led to shut down of many businesses and resultant mass unemployment. This affected all industries including the then booming film industry. New economic policies developed by the new administration helped to overcome the effects of the great depression. The economic recovery programs; known as the New Deal, allowed the federal government participation in social and economic projects of the citizens. The New Deal led to the establishment of democratic governance that enhanced support for individual and community rights for all citizens. Before the 1929 stock market slump, the stock prices were rising which attracted huge investments. However, speculations over instability of the stock market led to panic selling of the shares causing the prices to go down. Conclusion The decade of 1920s was an era of break away from traditional lifestyles into modernity. Introduction of trendy fashions like flappers, jazz music and musical bands were popular in this era. The film industry underwent a major transformation with the relocation of the movie industry to Hollywood and the innovation of ‘talkies’ in sound films. However, the roaring era faced threats from organized criminal gangs like the Mafia that increased insecurity in cities. In addition, the stock market slumping of 1929 affected the flourishing investment industry affecting the lives of many Americans. Reference List Dickie, John. 2004. Cosa Nostra: A History of the Sicilian Mafia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Henretta, James, and Brody, David. 2010. America: A Concise History, Volume ll:  Since1877. Fourth Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kyvig, David E. 2001. Daily Life in the United States, 1920-1939: Decades of Promise   Pain. Westport: Greenwood Press. Lange, Brenda. 2007. Milestones in American History: Stock Market Crash of 1929:  The End of Prosperity. London: Chelsea House. ONeal, Michael J. 2005. America in the 1920s. London: Chelsea House.

Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization Management - Essay Example While he stayed on the job and still grateful to have a job that others wanted, it is still not for everybody as we can see on the rate of turnovers with these kind of jobs. Other’s would prefer a less satisfying professional job for as long as they can fulfill their need for love and belongingness which their family provides. 2) The nature of the job which provides a professional satisfaction to the individual increases the level of job satisfaction. More especially if the work pays well and able to meet the individuals’ other needs such as the need for self-esteem provided by a job, belongingness that is provided by the organization and the self-actualization of work. Every company strives for their employees to be satisfied with their job to avoid turnovers that could be costly for the company. 3) When employees are satisfied with their jobs, they will naturally tend to do a good job which will translate to a positive job performance. They will also identify with the organization which could affect the behavior of their corporate citizenship. As such, they will put on long hours of work with their own initiative knowing that it is required of the job. Employees also who identifies with their organization will tend to do other functions that is beyond their job description for as long as it is good for the over all well-being of the company. In short, they will do the extra mile with the company when they feel belonginess with the organization. Above all, a happy and satisfied customer will stick with the company thus avoiding turnovers. 4) People are motivated differently when they do a particular job. While others are motivated with positive reinforcements as a motivation, there are other employees whose best instinct comes out when they know things are going bad. This is the case of David Clark, the Vice

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management - 2 Essay

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management - 2 - Essay Example The move towards conservatism is a reaction to the recent crisis, as more people worldwide felt that not enough regulation was exercised by the government to control risky instruments and markets. However, there is also a possibility that a more protectionist attitude may characterize the new administration, which may hamper economic growth. The more conservative economic policy may work either way; it could provide a more stable environment for business by eliminating risks, but at the same time it might limit business opportunities. Thus new directions must be carefully watched post-election. According to the Wall Street Journal report, this year’s treasury’s budget deficit forecast, at 12.6%, remains to be the highest in the nation’s history, while forecasts for 2011 to 2011 economic growth appear to optimistic. Tax receipts remain weak because of the poor earnings level in both the business and household sectors of the economy (Norman, 2010). However, the Office of National Statistics reported that the UK economy actually grew by 0.1% for the last quarter of 2009, the first following six quarters of economic contraction. It may not be conclusive that the recession is ended, but it does provide a hopeful sign which may be confirmed in the coming quarters (Angus Reid, 2010) According to Price (2010), the current high levels of US government debt is a cause for worry. The uncertainty in the possible outcome of the credit â€Å"tug-o-war† itself exerts pressure on the market to perform with greater volatility (erratic price movements). Price notes that the supply of gilts is moving upwards consistently, and together with it the UK’s credit fundamentals will continue to quickly deteriorate. What would be worse is the threatened debt downgrade from one of the ratings agencies. This could mean that the UK will be able to source additional debt only at higher interest